Postrelease Survival and Migration Behavior of Adult Walleye Following Intracoelomic Transmitter Implantation Using Two Methods of Electro‐Immobilization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The use of electricity as a method of fish restraint (i.e., electro‐immobilization) during field and hatchery operations has increased recently, and a need exists for field‐based assessments of the effects of these techniques on the postrelease physiology, behavior, and survival of wild fish to develop best handling practices. Two common waveforms used in electro‐immobilization are continuous and pulsed DC (cDC and pDC, respectively). With cDC, fish are immobilized through exposure to a continuous weak current and recover almost immediately once the current ceases. With pDC, fish are incapacitated via brief exposure to a strong current and often require several minutes to recover (i.e., regain equilibrium). Here, we present a comparison of cDC and pDC electro‐immobilization techniques and their effects on the postrelease survival and spawning migration behavior of adult Walleye Sander vitreus in a Lake Erie tributary. Fish were intracoelomically implanted with acoustic transmitters and then tracked by a network of acoustic receivers throughout Lake Erie that provided extensive spatiotemporal coverage of posttagging movements. Survival did not differ between the two electro‐immobilization treatments but was somewhat lower than in a control group consisting of fish tagged several years earlier (e.g., 50‐d survival = 69% for the pDC group, 61% for the cDC group, and 90% for control fish). We did not find any plausible or biologically meaningful effects of treatment on downstream movement or migratory behavior over subsequent months postrelease. Our results suggest that the two electro‐immobilization techniques did not differ in their effects on adult Walleye behavior, but more work is needed to elucidate the extent to which electro‐immobilization in general contributes to potential decreases in survival versus other aspects of capture and handling associated with performing surgical procedures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".