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Record W3203751550 · doi:10.2966/scrip.180121.4

Biomedical Data Identifiability in Canada and the European Union: From Risk Qualification to Risk Quantification?

2021· article· en· W3203751550 on OpenAlex
Alexander Bernier, Bartha Maria Knoppers

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueSCRIPTed A Journal of Law Technology & Society · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicEthics in Clinical Research
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityOntario Genomics
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIdentifiabilityIdentification (biology)European unionJurisdictionLegislationData Protection Act 1998Qualitative propertyData scienceRisk assessmentComputer scienceData miningPolitical scienceLawComputer securityBusinessMachine learningBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Data identifiability standards in Canada and the European Union rely on the same concepts to distinguish personal data from non-personal data. However, courts have interpreted the substantive content of such metrics divergently. Interpretive ambiguities can create challenges in determining whether data has been successfully anonymised in one jurisdiction, and whether it would also be considered anonymised in another. These difficulties arise from the law’s assessment of re-identification risk in reliance on qualitative tests of ‘serious risk’ or ‘reasonable likelihood’ as subjectively appreciated by adjudicators. We propose the use of maximum re-identification risk thresholds and quantitative methodologies to assess data identifiability and data anonymisation relative to measurable standards. We propose that separate legislation be adopted to address data-related practices that do not relate to demonstrably identifiable data, such as algorithmic profiling. This would ensure that regulators do not expand the jurisprudential conception of identifiable data purposively to capture such practices.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.024
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.031
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Research integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.294
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0240.031
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.196
GPT teacher head0.459
Teacher spread0.263 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it