The History of Broadcast Television Monopoly in Mexico (1950-1993)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monopoly is a critical category for understanding modern economic dynamics. It is the most important and dominant fraction of capital, and it is essentially developed and expressed in the field of product manufacturing and service provision. Its most operative and institutional product is the large company. From its earliest days, the Mexican television has always been dominated by monopoly capital, because almost all television production groups have been represented by large companies or parts of business groups. It is possible to establish three great periods in the monopoly television history in Mexico: the first one, from the middle of the 40's until 1955, in which the capital participating in the emerging activity are organized and until the creation of Telesistema Mexicano; the second one from the middle of the 60's until 1972, when the monopoly, besides including the operation of private companies, adds the state activity in television. Finally, the third one started with the creation of Televisa (1973) and included the foundation of the state network Imevisión. This period ended in 1993 marked by the privatization of this state network.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".