A Fully Integrated Controllable Bandpass Filter With a Constant <i>Q</i>-Factor for Ultrasonic Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this brief, a tuneable low-power active bandpass filter (BPF) is designed for channel selection in TSMC’s 65-nm CMOS technology. The proposed filter consists of two identical BPFs which are based on a gm-C topology, and can be controlled with a constant quality factor. The center frequency of this design can be changed to acquire a specific passband channel from 60 kHz to 2.5 MHz by adjusting the bias voltage in discrete increments, with an almost constant quality factor equal to 7.2. To validate the design, the integrated circuit and a test board are fabricated. Five passband channels are measured from the proposed design with a low power consumption equal to 68$\mu \text{W}$. The measured dynamic range is equal to 51.6 dB when the total harmonic distortion (THD) is equal to 1%. Hence, the proposed controllable channel selection filter shows an excellent performance as compared to existing work and offers a great potential for use applications with heterogeneous sensor nodes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".