Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter addresses the Gordon Riots, which revealed a shocking reality: British Protestants had died fighting against their government's attempt to relieve Catholics while their nation was at war with France and Spain. In May of 1778, as Britons rallied to the flag on news of the Franco-American alliance, Parliament passed the English Catholic Relief Act, and proposed similar bills for both Scotland and Ireland. The legislation repealed several longstanding penal laws against Catholic subjects so that they could fight in the expanded war. Like the American response to the Quebec Act four years earlier, the passage of pro-Catholic legislation (especially while the nation was at war with France) convinced many Britons that their government was conspiring to topple the Protestant nation they now so desperately sought to defend. This new war led to new explanations of loyalty and Britishness. Britons continued to depend on traditional fears of Catholic tyranny to make sense of the war, but they also expressed a greater commitment to popular understandings of Protestant Whig liberty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".