Degradation of Calmagite by H2O2/UV/US, H2O2/US, H2O2, and US process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1-(1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-phenylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid is known as Calmagite. In this study, the degradation of Calmagite in H2O2/UV/US, H2O2/US, H2O2, and US processes were investigated separately and each was compared among themselves. The concentration of H2O2, initial dye concentration, pH, UV light, and also ultrasonic sound significantly influenced the degradation of Calmagite and these parameters were optimized. For the azo dye tested, more than 98% of degradation in H2O2/UV/US, H2O2/US, and H2O2 processes was reached in 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively in Britton Robinson buffer media at pH = 11.0. The proposed degradation pathways of Calmagite were established from the OH mediated degradation of this azo dye. The first-order rate kinetics best fit the degradation of Calmagite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".