Thulium-doped tellurium oxide microring lasers integrated on a low-loss silicon nitride platform
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate compact, monolithically integrated thulium-doped tellurium oxide microring lasers on a low-loss silicon nitride platform. We observe lasing in the wavelength range of 1815–1895 nm under 1610 nm resonant pumping at varying waveguide-microring gap sizes and on-chip single-sided output powers up to 4.5 mW. The microlasers exhibit thresholds as low as 18 mW (11 mW) and a single-sided slope efficiency as high as 11% (17%) with respect to the pump power coupled into the TeO 2 :Tm 3+ -coated Si 3 N 4 bus waveguide (absorbed pump power). These results are a promising development for integrated tellurite glass devices and light sources for the emerging 2-µm band in silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it