The Status of Female Missionaries Mental Health in Late 19th and Early-Mid 20th Century Mission China: Role Searching, Grieving, and Lacking Support, an Everyday Woman’s Life in Mission China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article begins the process of looking into female missionaries' mental health and how it was affected during their time in China. Beginning in the nineteenth and twentieth century, a wave of female missionaries, both unmarried and married, made their way to the slowly opening ports of China bringing with them the word of God. The article highlights some of the ways women’s mental health was affected as they lived and preached in China including their juggling of domestic and public roles, homesickness, and losing a child for any myriad of reasons. Regardless of the struggles and experiences these women faced while living in China, the mission societies and Churches these women and their respective communities were attached to did nothing to provide care and assistance for these women leaving them to grieve, suffer silently, and question God’s plan by themselves. Keywords: China; Female Missionaries; mental health; wives; mothers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".