A Wavelet Perspective of Crisis Contagion between Advanced Economies and the BRIC Markets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between the BRICs’ and the advanced economies’ stock markets from 2000 to 2016 utilizing continuous wavelet transform. The continuous wavelet transform allows us to explore these relationships in the time–frequency domain to capture short- and long-term investors’ perspectives. Bi-directional spillovers are captured in terms of returns and volatility. In addition to covering the periods of the dot.com crash, the 11 September 2001 events, the pre-2007 financialization bubble period and the resulting Global Financial Crisis, we study volatility spillovers arising from the BRIC, U.S. and European market shocks post the Global Financial Crisis. Based on our results, we confirm findings in relatively fragmented literature that document time-varying and imperfect BRIC markets’ integration with mature economies. Overall, we show that arbitrage opportunities continue to exist in international stock market portfolios with respect to BRIC assets. In a major addition to the literature, our study captures spillovers from the advanced economies’ shocks to BRIC markets, as well as contagion from BRIC markets’ shocks to advanced economies’ markets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".