The Orbital-decay Test of General Relativity to the 2% Level with 6 yr VLBA Astrometry of the Double Neutron Star PSR J1537+1155
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract PSR J1537+1155, also known as PSR B1534+12, is the second discovered double neutron star (DNS) binary. More than 20 yr of timing observations of PSR J1537+1155 have offered some of the most precise tests of general relativity (GR) in the strong-field regime. As one of these tests, the gravitational-wave emission predicted by GR has been probed with the significant orbital decay ( P ̇ b ) of PSR J1537+1155. However, compared to most GR tests provided with the post-Keplerian parameters, the orbital-decay test was lagging behind in terms of both precision and consistency with GR, limited by the uncertain distance of PSR J1537+1155. With an astrometric campaign spanning 6 yr using the Very Long Baseline Array, we measured an annual geometric parallax of 1.063 ± 0.075 mas for PSR J1537+1155, corresponding to a distance of 0.94 − 0.06 + 0.07 kpc. This is the most tightly constrained model-independent distance achieved for a DNS to date. After obtaining P ̇ b Gal (i.e., the orbital decay caused by Galactic gravitational potential) with a combination of four Galactic mass distribution models, we updated the ratio of the observed intrinsic orbital decay to the GR prediction to 0.977 ± 0.020, three times more precise than the previous orbital-decay test (0.91 ± 0.06) made with PSR J1537+1155.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".