Guinea fowl eggshell structural organization and particular organice matrix protein patterns to decipher its exceptional biomechanical properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Guinea fowl (Numidameleagris) presents a highly resistant eggshell compared to the other birds. We will described in this study the particular ultrastructure of the Guinea fowl shell that confers exceptional mechanical properties and how changes in organic matrix components controls the development of this structure. The inner part of the shell is similar to other birds, but an additional change in the size and orientation of crystals (switch) is observed at about 1/3 of the calcified layer. Large columnar calcite units break into smaller crystal units with varying crystallographic orientations forming a microstructure with an intricate interlacing of calcite crystals.We recently reported the Guinea fowl shell structural organization from the micro to the Angstrom, which underlined that this particular shell is a bilayer structure. Organic matrix is suspected to firstly induce the initial microstructure shift and then the secondary nucleation events resulting in smaller crystals with increasing misorientations. Consequently, the change of the intra-crystalline organic matter level during the crystal switch was also investigated. A proteomic survey allowed us to identify and characterize 149 proteins in Guinea fowl shell. These proteins were quantified at five calcification stages corresponding to the first events of mineral deposition, the growth of calcite units just prior the shift of crystal orientation, then to the period of the deposition of newly formed crystalline shape and to later stage when the growth of the newly formed crystals is stabilized after the microstructure shift and the secondary nucleation events. We have observed 61 matrix proteins only present in the shift period and potentially responsible of the change of mineral in the shell. Amongst them are calcium binding proteins (NPNT-X1, CALBP1, Protein S100-A6, ANXA1 and 2, CDH2…), core proteins of proteoglycans (TSKU, GPC4…), and other proteins regulating the activity of proteins driving the mineralization (SSP1, OC-116GDF6…). These proteins interact with mineral to produce changes in crystal size and orientation and consequently the new shell structure and its resulting mechanical properties. Data obtained will allow the determination of biological markers that will be used for the genomic selection of chicken layers with improved mechanical shell mechanical properties. Additionally, they provided a list of organic products that will be tested as additives for material and ceramics.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".