Significance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia When Detected in Sputum of Ambulatory Patients with COPD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging Gram-negative MDR bacteria. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is mostly found in those with severe exacerbation of COPD requiring mechanical ventilation. The significance of S. maltophilia when detected in the sputum of ambulatory patients with COPD is uncertain. Objective: To access the prevalence and the risk factors of the presence of S. maltophilia in the sputum of ambulatory patients with COPD and to determine whether it was associated with prognosis. Methods: All consecutive unselected ambulatory patients with GOLD 2– 4 COPD were recruited between January 2017 and September 2019 from the COPD clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Presence of S. maltophilia was defined by a positive sputum culture for S. maltophilia . Demographics, COPD characteristics, comorbidities and known predisposing risk factors associated with S. maltophilia were collected from medical records. Results: S. maltophilia was detected in the sputum of 41/393 (10%) of study participants. Comorbidities, exacerbation, use of oral steroids and carbapenems in the previous year were risk factors for the presence of S. maltophilia . After adjusting on confounding factors associated with mortality including age, Charlson comorbidity index and FEV 1 , S. maltophilia was significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.3; 95% CI 1.1– 4.9). Conclusion: In the current study, we found that 10% of ambulatory patients with GOLD 2– 4 COPD had S. maltophilia detected in their sputum. In addition, S. maltophilia may represent a marker of overall morbidity in patients with COPD. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, risk factors, prognosis
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".