Commensal bacteria promote type I interferon signaling to maintain immune tolerance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFN) exert a broad range of biological effects important in coordinating immune responses. Host and microbial factors regulate IFN production, triggering a signaling cascade that has classically been studied in the context of pathogen clearance. In particular, commensal bacteria have been shown to induce IFN to protect against viral infections. Yet, whether immunomodulatory bacteria operate through IFN pathways to support immune tolerance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate microbiota-dependent IFN signaling is required for priming tolerogenic T regulatory cells (Tregs) by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs). DCs deficient in IFN signaling through deletion of IFNAR-1 display dysregulated cytokine production in response to the commensal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis , resulting in blunted downstream Treg responses. Single cell RNA sequencing of gut tissues demonstrated that colonization with B. fragilis promotes a distinct type I IFN gene signature in Tregs during homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. Moreover, B. fragilis- mediated protection during experimental colitis was abrogated in IFNAR1-deficient mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate an important role of microbiota-mediated immune tolerance via tonic type I IFN signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".