Zinc Oxide-Perylene Diimide Hybrid Electron Transport Layers for Air-Processed Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we report the formation of perylene diimide films, from green solvents, for use as electron transporting layers, when combined with ZnO, in inverted-type organic photovoltaics. A modified N-annulated PDI was functionalized with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group to solubilize the material, enabling solution processing from green solvents. Post-deposition treatment of films via thermal annealing cleaves the protecting group yielding the known PDIN-H material, rendering films solvent-resistant. The PDIN-H films were characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. When used to modify the surface of ZnO in inverted-type organic photovoltaics (air-processed and tested) based on the PM6:Y6 and PTQ10:Y6 bulk-heterojunctions, the device power conversion efficiency increases from 9.8 to 11.0% and 7.2 to 9.8%, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".