The influences of pre- and post-smolt captive rearing environments on growth, maturation, body size, and reproductive success of steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) released as adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conservation hatcheries designed to aid in recovery of imperiled fish population often implement atypical rearing and release strategies. We evaluated a conservation hatchery program for steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that hydraulically removed naturally spawned eggs and captively reared them in different freshwater hatcheries to the smolt stage and reared smolts in both fresh water and seawater to sexual maturity, before releasing the sexually maturing adults onto the spawning grounds. The adult steelhead added to the spawning population, accounting for most of the adults observed during snorkel observations. They produced 32% of the juvenile offspring sampled, and females were 2.9 times more successful than males. Reproductive success was positively correlated with female body size, which was influenced by pre-smolt and post-smolt rearing conditions and their effects on growth rate and age-at-maturity. Juvenile offspring of the released adults showed size and age differences from offspring of naturally returning steelhead, but exhibited very similar early marine survival rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".