Potential of thaxtomin A for the control of the Asian soybean rust
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several strategies are required to achieve satisfactory control of Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The use of resistance inducers represents a helpful alternative for management of this disease, since they can present good results when included in an integrated ASR management programme. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the partially purified phytotoxin thaxtomin A (PPT) in the induction of resistance to P. pachyrhizi in soybean plants and the direct effect on urediniospore germination. Detached soybean leaves were used to test the induction of resistance. They were treated with PPT 72 h before inoculation with the fungus. The disease severity was evaluated after 12 days. For gene expression analysis, leaf samples were collected 24 h after the application of the inducer. The results showed that PPT had a direct effect on spore germination. A concentration of 100 µg PPT mL−1 inhibited the germination of P. pachyrhizi urediniospores by 64.7%. The phytotoxin was also able to reduce the severity of ASR in detached leaves, possibly through the activation of defence mechanisms related to the jasmonate/ethylene pathways. The application of PPT resulted in upregulation of the expression of the ACC gene, the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, which is involved in one of the three signalling pathways of defence in plants. Thus, these results suggest that the partially purified thaxtomin A is a potential agent for the control of ASR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".