Emergent anomalies and generalized Luttinger theorems in metals and semimetals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whether a given material is a metal or an insulator is determined by a single parameter, the number of electrons per unit cell per spin, that is, by the filling number. When the latter is integer, the material is an insulator or a compensated semimetal. When it is fractional, the material is a metal with a Fermi surface, enclosing a volume in momentum space, determined by the fractional part of the filling -- a statement known as Luttinger's theorem. Topological semimetals provide a realization of the metallic phase, distinct from ordinary metals, as they exist at integer fillings, which normally correspond to insulators. Here, the authors develop a framework that unifies Luttinger's theorem for ordinary metals and analogous exact statements for topological semimetals. They use the language of quantum anomalies of the emergent low-energy charge conservation symmetry at each point on the Fermi surface. This framework allows one to connect topological responses in all nodal semimetals to their low-energy properties, such as the distance between the point nodes in momentum space or the area, enclosed by the nodal line.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".