Modeling of Plastic Zones and Fracture Paths in Representative Material Elements With Bulk Hydrides in Hydrided Irradiated Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tube Materials Under Plane Strain Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Plastic zones near bulk hydrides and fracture paths in representative volume elements (RVEs) with bulk hydrides in hydrided irradiated Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube materials are investigated by two-dimensional finite element analyses under plane strain conditions. Three RVEs with different distributions of bulk hydrides are selected from the micrographs of the radial-circumferential cross section of a hydrided irradiated Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube specimen. The bulk hydrides are assumed to be separated from the pressure tube material in the early stage of the loading and are assumed as cracks. The RVEs are subjected to high stress triaxiality loading conditions similar to those ahead of the front of an axial crack in a pressure tube specimen under internal pressure. The elastic-plastic stress-strain relation for the matrix materials in the RVEs follows that of a tensile test of a transverse tensile specimen cut from an irradiated Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube specimen. The computational results indicate that due to close proximity of bulk hydrides, narrow plastic zones emanating from the tips of bulk hydrides connect either to the tips of other neighboring bulk hydrides or to the neighboring fractured bulk hydride surfaces as the loading increases. Possible fracture paths are identified and presented by connecting the fractured bulk hydrides and the narrow plastic zones emanating from the tips of bulk hydrides. The features of the fracture surfaces of the RVEs based on these possible fracture paths are generally consistent with those ahead of the front of a crack in a curved compact tension specimen cut from a hydrided irradiated Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube specimen. The computational results also show that the macroscopic elastic modulus and maximum stress of the RVE increase as the net section percentage of the possible fracture path increases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".