A Millimeter-Wave Fabry–Perot Cavity Antenna With Unidirectional Beam Scanning Capability for 5G Applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, a millimeter-wave (mmW) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with unidirectional beam scanning (UBS) capability based on the Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) structure is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) applications. The proposed antenna consists of a main radiating element, a metallic wall, a ground plane, and a single-layer partially reflective surface (PRS). To improve the UBS performance, a single radiating element is designed such that it provides a tilted beam with good radiation performance over the scanning angles. The metallic wall is used close to the radiating element as a reflector to suppress the propagation in undesired directions. A general design guide is given by a theoretical analysis of the FPC structures using the ray-tracing method to formulate the beam-steering functionality versus frequency over desired predetermined angles. The PRS layer is designed without any tuning elements to provide the beam scanning over the angles of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^\circ < \theta < 45 ^\circ $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the frequency range of 24–30 GHz. The proposed Fabry–Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) structure is fabricated and the measurement results show a beam steering from 19° to 54° over the frequency band from 24 to 30 GHz, which is in good agreement with the calculated results from the theoretical analysis. A maximum measured gain of 14.5 dBi at 24 GHz is achieved. The proposed antenna can be used in the 5G mobile communication systems and 5G base station antennas (BSAs), where beam steering with high-gain and low fabrication cost features over the mmW spectrum is required.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it