Occurrence, characterization, source, and risk assessment of petroleum-related hydrocarbons in sediments along St. Clair River, Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), n-alkanes, petroleum biomarkers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in the sediments collected from the shorelines and bottom of St. Clair River, Ontario, Canada. Most of the sampling sites had low TPH (< 20 μg/g). River bottom sediment usually had higher level of TPHs, total alkanes, total biomarkers, and total PAHs than most of the shoreline ones. Mixed biogenic and petrogenic n-alkanes were present in all the sites. Most sites had trace amounts of petroleum biomarkers. Mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic inputs with the predominant petroleum, have contributed to the detected PAHs at all sampling sites. PAHs detected would not show potential toxicity to benthic organisms in all shoreline sampling sites; however, some light molecular weight PAHs (e.g., phenanthrene, 2-methyl naphthalene, and acenaphthylene) are anticipated to have possible adverse impacts to sediment-dwelling organisms in part of the river bottom sediment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".