Peculiarities of current melatonin application — successful experience and new opportunities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents current information about the physiological functions and pharmacological properties of hormone melatonin. Consideration was given to the results of clinical trials, confirming melatonin efficacy in the treatment of insomnia of various etiology in patients of different age groups in comparison of other hypnotics, both as monotherapy and combined therapy of arterial hypertension with the purpose of regulation of circadian rhythms in case of desynchronosis (jet lug, shift work, syndromes sleep phase disturbances). An experience of exogenous melatonin application at coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) has been analyzed. The review is based on search results in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus databases for the period 1997–2021 for the keywords melatonin, therapeutic use, insomnia, hypertension, circadian rhythm disturbances, COVID‑19. Data showed that melatonin was an effective and safe medication that can be recommended in all cases of sleep disturbances and for patients of any age with or without concomitant pathology. It is well tolerated and goes well with other drugs. Melatonin efficacy and safety was registered at its simultaneous use with antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and anti‑inflammatory drugs in elderly and middle‑aged people with arterial hypertension. Owing to its anti‑inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antioxidant effects, melatonin diminishes the risk of infections, inflammation, and oxidative stress in case of disease development, it promotes health in people at risk, has a neuroprotective effect in patients with COVID‑19, can serve as an adjuvant to boost anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 vaccines. As an antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory agent, melatonin counteracts acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral and bacterial infections. Melatonin preparation Melafresh (Prime Health Ltd., Canada) proved to be an effective addition to the therapy of sleep disorders of various etiology, especially in cases of their onset due to inconsistent circadian rhythms, it prevents or attenuates desynchronosis of circadian rhythms, violation of daily sleep/wakefulness cycles, decreases the number of episodes of awakening at night, restores full sleep after psycho‑emotional overload and stress, and promotes easy awakening. One of Melafresh advantages is its drug form (sublingual tablets) as it increases its bioavailability and concentration in blood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".