IoMT Cloud-Based Intelligent Prediction of Breast Cancer Stages Empowered With Deep Learning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Breast cancer is often a fatal disease that has a substantial impact on the female mortality rate. Rapidly spreading breast cancer is due to the abnormal growth of malignant cells in the breast. Early detection of breast cancer can increase treatment opportunities and patient survival rates. Various screening methods with computer-aided detection systems have been developed for the effective diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Image data plays an important role in the medical and health industry. Features are extracted from image datasets through deep learning, as deep learning techniques extract features more accurately and rapidly than other existing methods. Deep learning effectively assists existing methods, such as mammogram screening and biopsy, in examining and diagnosing breast cancer. This paper proposes an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) cloud-based model for the intelligent prediction of breast cancer stages. The proposed model is employed to detect breast cancer and its stages. The experimental results demonstrate 98.86% and 97.81% accuracy for the training and validation phases, respectively. In addition, they demonstrate accuracies of 99.69%, 99.32%, 98.96%, and 99.32% for detecting ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma. The results of the proposed intelligent prediction of breast cancer stages empowered with the deep learning (IPBCS-DL) model exhibits higher accuracy than existing state-of-the-art methods, indicating its potential to lower the breast cancer mortality rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".