A 60 GHz CMOS-SOI Stacked Push-Push Frequency Doubler with 12 dBm Output Power and 20% Efficiency
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a stacked push-push frequency doubler using an inductive source degeneration technique for generating high power millimeter-wave frequency signals. A balanced second harmonic trapping matching network is also added at the input to enhance the power efficiency. The 60 GHz frequency doubler demonstrator, designed using 45-nm CMOS SOI technology, showed a peak output power of 12dBm, DC-to-RF efficiency of 20%, and a peak conversion gain of 2.1 dB. By applying a low-complexity digital pre-distortion scheme, the designed doubler was successfully used to generate a 200 MHz vector modulated signal with an error vector magnitude of 2.9% and an average efficiency of 12%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it