French and Belgian large African dam projects, 1954-1960. Nationalisms, Eurafrica, or pan-Africanism?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Refreshed after the Second World War, French and Belgian African dam projects were the flagship initiative for both euro-African and African integration, benefitting from an exceptional convergence of stimulating factors. But, due to their extroversion, and to the opposing interests of the forces involved that even the IBRD was unable to reconcile, they never led to any integration through hydroelectric power in Africa. Moreover, Canadian and American neoliberal demands for political and economic stability in the colonies in order to guarantee their investments, along with France and Belgium’s concerns over maintaining sovereignty through colonial capitalism, aimed at protecting national interests and consolidating the Empires, meant that the African factor was forgotten in all of this. However, when decolonization moved forward, Africa profoundly influenced the game, forcing players to adjust their strategies. Independence threw away the dream of African integration through hydroelectric power, with the international dam projects changing into instruments of unequal cooperation between the West and the newly independent African States.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".