Order by disorder in classical kagome antiferromagnets with chiral interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice is an archetypal instance of how large ground-state degeneracies arise, and how they may get resolved by thermal and quantum fluctuations. Augmenting the Heisenberg model by chiral spin interactions has proved to be of particular interest in the discovery of certain chiral quantum spin liquids. Here we consider the classical variant of this chiral kagome model and find that it exhibits, similar to the classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet, a remarkably large and structured ground-state manifold, which combines continuous and discrete degrees of freedom. This allows for a rich set of order-by-disorder phenomena. Degeneracy lifting occurs in a highly selective way, choosing already at the harmonic level specific triaxial states, which however retain an emergent ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ degree of freedom (absent in the conventional Heisenberg model). We also study the competition of entropic and energetic ground-state selection as the model interpolates between the purely chiral and Heisenberg cases. For this mixed model, we find a ``proximate ordered-by-disorder'' finite-temperature regime where fluctuations overcome the energetic ground-state preference of the perturbation. Finally, a semiclassical route to a spin liquid is provided by quantum order by disorder in the purely chiral models, where the aforementioned ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ degrees of freedom are elevated to the role of an emergent gauge field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".