Treatment for Methamphetamine Addiction: A Review of Guidelines [Internet]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a recreational drug of abuse synthesized illegally in laboratories using a variety of ingredients of over-the-counter medications, including ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. The Canadian government introduced regulations in 2006 to move the ephedrine-containing products behind the pharmacy counter in order to limit access to the precursor chemicals. Methamphetamine is often sold in powder, crystal or tablet formulations and can be inhaled, ingested, smoked, or injected after mixing with water. In Canada, the prevalence of methamphetamine use is about 0.2% of the population. However, there was a 590% increase in the number of methamphetamine-possession incidents between 2010 and 2017. Methamphetamine has a long half-life of 12 hours and the altered mental state can last up to 12 hours depending on the route of administration. Short-term effects associated with its use include alertness, decreased appetite, headache, dizziness, increased body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Longer-term effects may include psychotic symptoms such as violent behaviour, paranoia, and hallucinations. Extreme itching, mood swings, memory loss, and insomnia are also the potential long-term effects. Across Canada, the prevalence of lifetime methamphetamine use is higher for males than for females. The withdrawal effect of amphetamine can include intense craving, tiredness, anxiety, depression. The objective of this report is to summarize evidence-based guidelines regarding treatment immediately after acute detoxification and post-treatment care for patients with methamphetamine addiction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".