The localization to PML nuclear bodies and stability of TRAIP/RNF206 are controlled by SUMOylation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TRAIP (TNF Receptor Associated factor Interacting Protein), also known as RNF206 (RING Finger protein 206), is an E3‐ubiquitin‐ligase protein participated in DNA damage signaling, DNA repair pathway and cell cycle progression. Post‐translational modifications of protein are important for stability control, subcellular localization and protein‐protein interaction. SUMO (Small‐ubiquitin‐like modifier) is one of the post‐translational protein modifiers and SUMOylation regulates diverse cellular processes including protein stability control, nuclear‐cytosolic transport transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. In this study, I demonstrated that TRAIP is a new target protein of SUMOylation by western blotting, in vitro SUMOylation assay and immunofluorescence (IF). Using SUMO plot™ and SUMOylation Sites Prediction (SUMOsp) tools, I found putative SUMOylated residues of TRAIP and identified five SUMOylated sites of TRAIP using in vitro SUMOylation assay. I also discovered SUMOylation of TRAIP was crucial for localization to nucleus and PML nuclear bodies by IF. Additionally, SUMOylation of TRAIP prevented ubiquitylation and enhanced its protein stability in MG132 and cyclohexicmide (CHX) treatment experiments. To sum it up, these results demonstrates that SUMOylation regulates the subcellular localization and degradation of TRAIP. Recent studies show that TRAIP may play a role as a tumor suppressor. These findings improve the knowledge and clinical application of TRAIP for cancer therapy. Support or Funding Information This research was supported by Global PH.D Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF‐2016H1A2A1909739) and by the Korean government (MSIP)(No. 2011‐0030043).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".