SEVEN IN ABSENTIA Ubiquitin Ligases Positively Regulate Defense Against Verticillium dahliae in Gossypium hirsutum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational regulatory mechanism that controls a variety of biological processes in plants. The E3 ligases confer specificity by recognizing target proteins for ubiquitination. Here, we identified SEVEN IN ABSENTIA (SINA) ubiquitin ligases, which belong to the RING-type E3 ligase family, in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Twenty-fourGhSINAs were characterized, and the expression levels ofGhSINA7,GhSINA8, andGhSINA9were upregulated at 24 h after inoculation withVerticillium dahliae.In vitroubiquitination assays indicated that the three GhSINAs possessed E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. Transient expression inNicotiana benthamianaleaves showed that they localized to the nucleus. And yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening revealed that they could interact with each other. The ectopic overexpression ofGhSINA7,GhSINA8, andGhSINA9independently inArabidopsis thalianaresulted in increased tolerance toV. dahliae, while individual knockdowns ofGhSINA7,GhSINA8, andGhSINA9compromised cotton resistance to the pathogen. Thus,GhSINA7,GhSINA8, andGhSINA9act as positive regulators of defense responses againstV. dahliaein cotton plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".