Entre l’arbre et l’écorce : l’évolution de la profession de pharmacien au Québec aux XIX<sup>e</sup>-XX<sup>e</sup> siècles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans l’historiographie québécoise, l’histoire de la pharmacie et des pharmaciens se situe en quelque sorte entre l’histoire de la médecine, des médecins et de la santé, d’un côté, et l’histoire du petit commerce et de la consommation de l’autre. Sans doute trop hybride pour s’inscrire fermement dans l’un ou l’autre de ces champs d’études, elle n’a que très peu attiré l’attention des historiens à ce jour. Cette hybridité n’en demeure pas moins fascinante. Non seulement est-elle au cœur de la trajectoire et de l’évolution de la pharmacie au Québec, mais elle met en évidence de manière explicite le fait que santé, médicament et consommation sont historiquement étroitement liés. Après avoir brossé le contexte qui mène à une importante enquête menée en 1899, l’article déroulera le fil rouge de cette tension entre commerce et profession du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu’à la crise économique et identitaire à laquelle feront face les pharmaciens dans les années 1960 et 1970.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".