Injection Locking of Optoelectronic Oscillators With Large Delay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The optoelectronic oscillator is a delay line oscillator that leverages optical fibre technology to realize the large delay required for low phase noise systems. Spurious sidemodes are an artefact of the delay line oscillator, yet treatments of injection locking of optoelectronic oscillators have relied on the application of classical injection locking theory valid only for single mode oscillators. The large delay contributed by the optical fibre delay line is accounted for by the classical theory only in part through the quality factor Q that captures the round-trip group delay in a neighborhood of the oscillation frequency. This paper presents a new formulation of time delay oscillators subject to injection that describes all the essential features of their dynamics and phase noise. The common assumptions of a single mode oscillator and weak injection are removed. This is important to correctly predict the lock-in range, the suppression of sidemodes and the phase noise spectrum. The findings of the analysis are validated by experimental measurements provided by an optoelectronic oscillator under injection by an external source.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".