P-18 Sex and gender differences in occupational hazard exposures: A scoping review of literature from the last 10 years
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<h3>Introduction</h3> Comparative research on sex and/or gender differences in occupational hazard exposures is necessary for effective work injury and illness prevention strategies that integrate individual and social context in their design, especially as women make up half of the labour force in high-income countries. <h3>Objective</h3> To summarize the peer-reviewed literature on exposure differences to occupational hazards between men and women, across occupations and within the same occupation. <h3>Methods</h3> A scoping review was conducted on studies from 2009 to 2019, from 8 databases. Studies were required to quantify the exposure of men and women to an occupational hazard. The analysis of hazard exposure differences within the same occupations was based on whether studies stratified or matched their results by occupation for men and women, or mentioned in the article. Studies were not limited by language or study design. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 30 studies were on physical hazards, 38 studies on psychosocial hazards, 5 studies on biological hazards, and 17 studies on chemical hazards. The majority of studies reported that men were exposed to noise, vibration, radiation, physical work, biomechanical and chemical hazards; while women were exposed to wet work, bullying and discrimination, work stress, and biological agents. Within the same occupations, men were more likely to be exposed to physical hazards, with the exception of women in healthcare occupations and prolonged standing exposure. Women compared to men in the same occupations were more likely to experience harassment, while men compared to women in the same occupations reported higher stress. Men reported more exposure to hazardous chemicals in the same occupations as women. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Men and women have different exposures to occupational hazards, and these differences are not solely due to the gendered distribution of the labour foce by occupation. Future research is needed to explain the reasons for sex/gender inequalities and differences in exposures within the same occupations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it