P-183 The costs imputable to work stress in European countries: how much does it cost from a societal perspective? A study protocol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<h3>Introduction</h3> Work-related psychosocial exposures are highly prevalent in European countries and are associated with various health outcomes, especially mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Evaluations of the economic burden of psychosocial work exposures are however very seldom in the literature. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the annual costs of depression and CVD attributable to work-related psychosocial exposures in 28 European Union countries (EU28). <h3>Methods</h3> This study will follow the top-down cost-of-illness (COI) approach, which estimates the economic burden of health conditions in a population from a societal perspective, starting from the total costs of diseases. We will estimate the fractions of these costs that are attributable to work-related psychosocial exposures (attributable fractions, AFs). AF estimates require data on the prevalence of exposure in the whole population, and on the relative risk of developing the disease when exposed to the risk factor. Relative risk estimates will come from a systematic literature review. Prevalence of exposure estimates will derive from an analysis of the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey data. Work-related psychosocial exposures will include the factors from the job strain model, effort-reward imbalance model, and other models/concepts depending on the availability of data. <h3>Results</h3> Our evaluation of costs will include: (1) direct healthcare costs as reimbursed by public healthcare systems: outpatient visit fees to physicians and other health professionals, hospitalisations, emergency room visits and medication, (2) direct healthcare costs as out-of-pocket payments paid by patients, depending on the extent of the public healthcare system in each country, (3) indirect costs due to sickness absences at work, to disability leave, early retirement and premature death, and the cost of presenteeism when available. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study will provide original and relevant insights on a macro-level for policy-makers and stakeholders when defining public health priorities and preventive strategies in European countries regarding work stress prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".