S-487 Young people’s depressive symptom trajectories and their education and employment. Comparing Canada and the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective This study examines how trajectories of depressive symptoms from the age of 16–25 are related to early adult education and employment outcomes in Canada and the United States. Methods Data came from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n=2348) and the American National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child/Young Adult Survey (n=3961). Depressive symptom trajectories from the age of 16–25 were identified separately for each country using growth-mixture modeling, and linked to respondents’ education and employment status (working with a post-secondary degree; working with no degree; working with a high school degree; in school; and, not in employment, education, or training i.e., NEET), and part/full-time employment (less than 30 hours/week, 30–40 hours/week, more than 40 hours/week). We assessed the association of depressive symptom trajectories with these outcomes using multivariable multinomial logistic regressions, calculating the adjusted predicted probability of each outcome using marginal standardization. Results In both countries four similar depressive symptom trajectories were identified: low-stable, increasing, decreasing, and first increasing then decreasing symptoms (i.e., mid-peak). In both countries, increasing, decreasing, and mid-peak trajectories were associated with higher odds of working with low educational credentials, and/or NEET relative to low-stable trajectories. In Canada, however, all trajectories had a higher predicted probability of either being in school or working with a post-secondary degree than the other outcomes; in the USA, all trajectory groups were most likely to be working with a high school degree. In the USA but not in Canada, increasing and decreasing trajectories were associated with higher odds of part-time work than full-time work. Conclusions Higher levels of depressive symptoms during the transition to adulthood are associated with working with no or low credentials, NEET, and working part-time in young adulthood. Country-level differences may modify the influence of depressive symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".