Characterization of bronze leaf disease in western Canadian aspen and poplar trees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aspen and poplar trees are important horticultural plants grown in Canada for aesthetic, commercial woodlot and windbreak applications. Bronze leaf is a destructive disease in Populus spp. and is caused by the fungal pathogen Apioplagiostoma populi Barr. This pathogen is often difficult to isolate and confirm from infected plant tissues and has been mainly identified by disease symptoms and morphological characteristics of A. populi when fruiting bodies form on infected leaves or branches. Affected leaves and branches typically become necrotic and bronze in colour. Air-borne spores and nursery shipments containing infected plants play an important role in the efficient movement of the pathogen. In this study, bronze leaf disease samples from symptomatic trees in Canada were examined microscopically for A. populi perithecia and asci. Pathogen-specific genomic sequences were identified for the development of sensitive stringent diagnostics that indicated branches and petioles were the most effective tissues for detecting A. populi. Leaf samples from symptomatic trees were collected in Canada and examined for perithecia to microscopically characterize A. populi asci and ascospores. Disease associated DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 5.8S region of the nuclear ribosomal, β-tubulin 2, and translation elongation factor-1-γ chain, were isolated from perithecia and symptomatic tree samples. Morphological and molecular biological data from this study characterized the relationship and epidemiology of A. populi and enabled the development of rapid diagnostic methods that restrict the extent of further losses in amenity and commercial plantings of aspen and poplar.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".