CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF DAIRY INDUSTRIAL WASTE LDPE FILM INTO FUEL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Disposal of commonly used plastic wastes to landfill was becoming more undesirable due to environmental concerns, rising costs and poor biodegradability. Therefore, recycling through mechanical or chemical method seems to be the only route of plastic waste management. Polyfilms, mainly Low Density Poly-Ethylene (LDPE) is a major type of thermoplastic used for packing milk throughout India. In the present investigation the recycling dairy waste LDPE film is examined via catalytic pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of LDPE was investigated with the use of catalyst, NiMo/Al2O3. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory conditions. High yields of liquid fraction in the boiling range of 65-380°C and gases were obtained along with a small amount of coke. The liquid and gaseous products were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC MS) and Gas Chromatograph (GC) respectively. It is found that the derived liquid products were hydrocarbons, consist of alkanes and alkenes. The pyrolysis liquid has a calorific value 10810 Cal g-1, ash content 0.02%, relative density 0.876, flash point greater than 45°C and sulphur content of 0.083%. The liquid can be used as a feed stock in the steam boiler.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".