68 COVID-19 in children: A case series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Primary Subject area Community Paediatrics Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an overwhelming impact worldwide. Studies on pediatric populations remain limited, as the burden of disease in pediatric patients appears to be low at this time. Objectives To further describe clinical characteristics and severity of disease of confirmed pediatric COVID-19 patients seen and evaluated in a community-based hospital. Design/Methods A retrospective chart review of positive COVID-19 patients ≤ 18 years seen in COVID clinic or in the Emergency Department (ED) between April and December 2020 was performed. The results of nasopharyngeal swabs were confirmed using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. A descriptive analysis of illness severity, performed via Excel 2019, was based on clinical presentation, laboratory data, and chest x-ray imaging. The categories of illness severity were: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe or critical. Results A total of 53 positive COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study, which consisted of 24 (45.3%) males and 29 (54.7%) females. The median age was 7.5 years (2.4-12.8). The majority of patients presented with mild symptoms (64.2%), with fever and cough being the main symptoms in 20 (37.7%) and 16 (30.2%) cases, respectively. Other symptoms included sore throat (15.1%), diarrhea (13.2%), headache (9.4%), runny nose (7.5%) and abdominal pain (7.5%). The remaining patients (35.8%) were asymptomatic. Of note, one patient (1.9%) presented with COVID toes requiring referral to a tertiary centre, and one (1.9%) was diagnosed with acute appendicitis. A history of contact with a confirmed COVID-19-positive family member was present in 43 (81.1%) patients, and 6 (11.3%) reported a history of recent travel. Laboratory tests were performed in 7 (13.2%) patients, and chest x-rays were performed in 9 (17%). There were no abnormalities detected in either, other than an elevated CRP seen in one patient with appendicitis. Two (3.8%) patients were admitted, including the patient with appendicitis who developed a perforation and was later transferred to a tertiary care centre to undergo an appendectomy. The majority of patients (96.2%) were discharged home. Conclusion All patients either presented with mild symptoms or were asymptomatic. Fever and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. Due to this, the vast majority of patients were discharged home. The infection in the majority of patients could be traced to a positive family contact. Our findings are consistent with what has been observed previously in our centre as well as worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".