Impact of Covid_19 on E-commerce (From a Legal Point of View)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spread of the Corona virus and the closure of borders and the ban on travel and commercial bodies in companies, which resorted to many commercial activities, relying on a large scale, e-commerce, tourism in that, commercial relations, as a result of the inability to fulfill their contractual obligations, which led jurists to rely on the theory of emergency conditions to explain the impossibility or difficulty of fulfilling the obligations of the contractors on the terms of contracts, and as a result of the occurrence of many contractual problems, the affect of a virus on the capacity of contractors to fulfill their obligations. This article aims to analyze the impact of the spread of the virus on contractual obligations by relying on the force majeure theory, and the position of jurists on using this theory in explaining the impact of the spread of this epidemic on the ability of the contracting parties to fulfill their obligations. The researcher has come out with a set of results, the most important of which is that the new Corona virus can be considered an obstacle or a force majeure, based on what was stated in the contents of the provisions of the relevant bodies, and this will have legal and economic implications for the contractual obligations of the various international commercial contracts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".