Analysis of Open Phase and Phase-to-Phase Short Circuit Fault of PMSM for Electrical Propulsion in an eVTOL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyzes permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) under open phase and phase-to-phase fault conditions within an electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The development of a detailed mathematical model for a PMSM under the open phase fault (OPF) and phaseto-phase short circuit fault (P2PSCF) conditions are presented and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink along with its results within a ring bus electrical distribution system (REDS) for an eVTOL is presented. The behavior of both faults is investigated. Fault-tolerant control (FTC) is applied during the post-fault operation, and the copper losses and torque ripple are analyzed. Two fault mitigation techniques, 1) disabling the inverter (FTC1) and 2) creating a virtual neutral point (FTC2) with the inverter, are introduced for the P2PSCF. FTC1 had a peak-to-peak torque ripple of 309Nm with 1.55kW reduction of copper losses. FTC2 was found to respond faster than FTC1 and generated 157Nm peak-to-peak torque ripple. The OPF FTC was analyzed where only current references are changed for the same PI controller structure to enable a fail-operational state for the eVTOL. The OPF FTC achieved 348Nm peak to peak torque ripple compared to 371Nm to pre-fault conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".