Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a Model System for Longitudinal Experimental Opioid Treatments: Implications for Orthopedic and Biomedical Research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of opioid prescription following orthopedic procedures, there is a growing need to establish an animal model system to evaluate the effects of opioids on bone remodeling. Rabbits have been employed as model organisms in orthopedic research as they exhibit well-defined cortical bone remodeling similar to humans. Existing research in rabbits has been limited to modes of opioid administration that are short-acting and require repeated application. Here, we present data from a proof-of-principle longitudinal study employing two opioid analgesic administration routes (subcutaneous injection and transdermal patch) to evaluate the efficacy of studying chronic opioid exposure in a rabbit model. Skeletally mature male New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into three groups of seven animals: morphine, fentanyl, and control. Experimental treatments were conducted for eight weeks. Preparation of the skin at the fentanyl patch site and subsequent patch removal presented experimental difficulties including consistent skin erythema. Though noninvasive, the patches further caused acute stress in fentanyl animals. We conclude that though transdermal fentanyl patches may be preferred in an acute clinical setting, this method is not feasible as a means of long-term pain relief or opioid delivery in a laboratory context.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".