Analysis Effect of Butyrate Addition on Butanol Production by PVA-Immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 in Batch Culture Fermentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cultivation of PVA-immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 in CRM medium including 60 g/L of glucose as a carbon source was used to produce butanol. The addition of various butyrate concentrations was analyzed to stimulate metabolic pathways toward butanol production. Anaerobic incubation conditions were maintained at a temperature of 37°C for 24-36 h. The A-B-E batch fermentation was performed at the optimum condition as follows: temperature of 37°C, the glucose concentration of 60 g/L, and pH of 4.5 (controlled). The highest butanol production of 14.94 g/L was achieved with butyrare addition of 2.5 g/L, and the highest butanol yield of 0.61 mol butanol/mol glucose was achieved at the addition of 5 g/L. The experimental result showed that butanol production and yield increase when the addition of butyrare is less than 5 g/L. Despite that, with further higher butyrare concentration, butanol production decreases accompanied by decreased glucose consumption. The lowest butanol production of 11.74 g/L was obtained at the addition of 7.5 g/L butyrare.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".