Bibliographic record
Abstract
One relatively distinct group in the British empire were the millions of Scots who extended their cultural networks in the various new worlds. From New Zealand to Australia and Canada, Scottish settlers used their books and reading as a means of replicating and promoting their own cultural values far from home. This chapter examines a number of pioneer communities settled by Scots, particularly members of the Free Church, established after the Disruption of 1848. Under the fiercely sectarian leadership of a number of prominent church ministers in Dunedin, Waipu, and elsewhere, institutional libraries were established that reflected the cultural and religious affiliations of home. Later in the nineteenth century, even in these enclaves of Scottishness these same communities became increasingly integrated into an overseas colonial identity. A key figure in this regard was the pastoralist, George Russell of Victoria. An important colonial representation of Scottishness in this stage of transition was articulated by Catherine Helen Spence in her novel Handfasted. By the twentieth century, almost in direct proportion to their distance from their national origins, colonial Scots remained faithful to a number of cultural practices, not least of which was the keen promotion of literary works by their countrymen and women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".