Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter discusses inflammatory and infectious diseases that involve the anal canal and perianal skin. Anal fissures are linear tears developing in the distal anal canal mucosa below the dentate line. Inflammatory bowel disease and infections such as human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis are also known risk factors. Hemorrhoids are polypoid protrusions composed of dilated and commonly prolapsed submucosal blood vessels that may arise proximal to the dentate line or distal to it. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue at sites with apocrine glands. Malignant transformation is a rare but well-described complication of long-standing hidradenitis suppurativa. Anal abscesses are thought to arise from infection in the anal glands, perhaps due to stasis or obstruction of the duct or gland orifice. Anal herpes infections are usually sexually transmitted and historically secondary to Herpes Simplex Virus-2 DNA virus infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".