On the Capacity of RIS-Assisted Intensity-Modulation Optical Channels
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using re-configurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems to solve the signal obstruction and skip-zones dilemmas modifies the transmission channel. It is thus necessary to analyze the capacity of such a system. To this end, the capacity lower- and upper-bounds of RIS-assisted single-input single-output (SISO) OWC systems are discussed in this letter, focusing on the intensity-modulation and direct-detection scheme. This analysis considers two main constraints, namely peak-intensity and average optical power constraints. It also considers two types of structures: the single-layer structure (SLS) and multiple-layer structure (MLS). By exploiting the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$QR$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -decomposition, the analysis is extended to RIS-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OWC systems. As a result, the RIS-based cascaded channel capacities bounds and the achievable rate at a high signal-to-noise ratio are given for free-space RIS-based SISO/MIMO OWC systems. These results show that the channel exhibits a high capacity when the RIS module is closer to the data source, and that the MLS provides a higher achievable rate when compared to the SLS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it