Factors Associated with Not Continuing Initiated Breastfeeding among Saudi Females in Abha
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Despite the health, social and economic benefits of breastfeeding (BF) for both mother and child are well established and accepted throughout the world, the prevalence of breast feeding worldwide has not met the optimal target of WHO recommendation. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of breastfeeding and determinants of not continuing initiated breast feeding among Saudi females. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary healthcare centers` clinics and outpatient pediatric clinics of Abha maternity and children hospital, Saudi Arabia. It included a random sample of Saudi mothers with children aged up to two years of life. A validated questionnaire was utilized for data collection. It included three main parts: socio demographic data, the medical and health condition for the mother and current child and the attitudes of mother toward BF, BF pattern for the last child, and reasons for discontinuity of BF. Results: The study included 276 mothers. The majority of them (88.1%) were aged between 20 and 39 years and were Saudi nationals (90.2%). History of receiving any health education about breast feeding was observed among the majority of the participants (91.7%). The most frequently reported source of health education was self-education through reading (39.1%), followed by doctors (30.4%), nurses (29.6%) and relatives/friends (27.7%). Overall, slightly more than half of them (51.1%) expressed a positive attitude towards breast feeding; particularly non-Saudi mothers (adjusted odds ratio “aOR”:0.44, and those whose main source of information was nurses or self-education (aOR: 0.27 and 0.12, respectively). The majority of the participating women (86.2%) initiated breastfeeding for their newborns. Among them, 80.7% discontinued BF; particularly Saudi mothers (aOR: 0.08), mothers with higher education (aOR: 5.05-10.21), governmental employees (aOR: 3.51), those living in a separate house (aOR: 2.21), delivered by cesarean section (aOR: 11.14), reported NICU admission of their newborns (aOR: 9.13) and those who expressed a negative attitude towards BF (aOR: 0.25). The commonest reported causes of discontinuation of BF among the participants were thinking that breast milk is not enough (39.9%), going back to work (38.5%) and thinking that baby will be demanding on breastfeeding (13.3%). Conclusion: Initiation of breastfeeding was very highly practiced by mothers in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. However, its discontinuation before the recommended time is also a highly reported practice. Key words: Breastfeeding, initiation, discontinuation, Saudi Arabia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".