Effect of Honey on Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Osteoclastic Activity in Psychologically Stressed Animals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontics is a clinical specialty in dentistry related to the correction of dentofacial deformities. Psychological stress factors delay Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Honey can be considered a useful and harmless natural product to reduce stress levels, hence improves the efficacy of OTM. Aims & Objectives: To compare the differences in the rate of tooth movement and osteoclastic activity between control, psychologically stressed and honey treated psychologically stressed groups after 1 week of orthodontic force application in an animal model. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was conducted at the animal research laboratory and Histopathology Department of Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Lahore, Pakistan, from April 2019 to June 2020. Material & Methods: Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into A, B and C groups. Psychological Stress was induced in group A (PS group) while Honey was given orally as a therapeutic agent along with induction of psychological stress in group B (PSH group), and group C was the Control Group. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24 software. The quantitative variables were the orthodontic tooth movement, the osteoclast count, and the expression of RANKL. One-way ANOVA was applied to calculate the mean difference and Post hoc Tukey test applied for multiple comparisons among the groups. A p-value ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all 3 groups. Results: There was a significant difference (p-value <0.05) between control and experimental groups in the orthodontic tooth movement and levels of RANKL, however, there was no significant difference between PS and PSH groups. Conclusion: Psychological stress delays orthodontic tooth movement by causing a reduction in its rate and osteoclastic activity and honey has no significant correlation with lowering stress levels, hence does not improve orthodontic tooth movement efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".