Systemic fungicidal activity of phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid‐valine conjugate against tobacco sore shin and its translocation and accumulation in tobacco ( <scp> <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. </scp> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco sore shin caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a major soil-borne fungal disease of tobacco, gradually causing infected stems to become thin and dry, leading to great losses to China's tobacco industry. Fungicides with phloem mobility are needed for application to foliage to effectively control root or vascular system pathogens. In this study, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid-valine conjugate (PCA-Val) with strong phloem mobility was tested for control of tobacco sore shin. In vitro fungicidal activity, systemicity, and in vivo efficacy of PCA-Val against R. solani in tobacco seedling were evaluated. RESULTS: In vitro fungicidal activity of PCA-L-Val against R. solani was lower than that of PCA or PCA-D-Val, but the in vivo protective activity and curative activity of PCA-L-Val was the highest among these chemicals tested. The systemicity tests in tobacco seedlings revealed that PCA did not possess phloem mobility, while PCA-L-Val and PCA-D-Val exhibited strong phloem mobility and could be transported and accumulated in the lower part of the seedling as well as throughout the phloem. In addition, we also found that, just like reported hormone amino acid conjugates, PCA-L-Val could be hydrolyzed by tobacco seedlings, to release free PCA. CONCLUSIONS: The current research results indicated that PCA-L-Val possess good phloem transport in tobacco and promising in vivo antifungal activity against R. solani, which can be used as a phloem-mobile fungicide against tobacco sore shin in production practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".