Solubility product of a Nb–N bearing austenitic stainless-steel biomaterial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research investigates the Z-Phase solubility product of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) ASTM F-1586 used as orthopedic implants under the solubilization procedure. Precipitate extraction by an electrolytic separation technique and analytical thermodynamic calculations as a function of the solubilization temperature and chemical composition were employed. In the first procedure of preferential electrolytic phase dissolution, samples were submitted to a solubilization treatment, followed by quenching. The specimens were subjected to a surface treatment then dissolved in solution. Following the dissolution, the electrolyte was vacuum filtered on a 0.20 μm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane and vacuum dried for 24 h. The microstructures were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM/EDX) techniques. The results revealed by the Z-phase (Cr2Nb2N2) precipitation potential (Ks) that the precipitates acted as a softening inhibitor agent and retarded the grain growth at lower solubilization temperature conditions (Ts < 1100 °C). The considerable amount of fine precipitates were mainly formed due to the nucleation and coalescence of Cr/NbN in the matrix. On the other hand, larger precipitates nucleated and coalesced above 1200 °C, and had their volume fraction reduced at this condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".