Early Pilomatrix Carcinoma: A Case Report With Emphasis on Molecular Pathology and Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare adnexal tumor with origin from the germinative matrical cells of the hair follicle.Clinically, it presents as a solitary lesion commonly found in the head and neck region and upper back.The tumors cannot be distinguished by their clinical appearance only and frequently are mistaken for cysts.Histopathologic examination provides the definitive diagnosis in most cases.Such carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms with a high probability of local recurrence and distant metastasis.Assessment of the Wnt signaling pathway components such as β-catenin, lymphoid enhancerbinding factor 1 (LEF-1) and caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) potentially can be used for diagnostic purposes and targeted therapy.Herein, we report a rare and unique case of early pilomatrix carcinoma with intralesional melanocytes.We also review the molecular pathology and pathogenesis of these carcinomas as well as the significance of early diagnosis in their management.Cutis.2021;108:E24-E28. Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare adnexal tumor with origin from the germinative matrical cells of the hair follicle.Clinically, it presents as a solitary lesion commonly found in the head and neck region as well as the upper back.The tumors cannot be distinguished by their clinical appearance only and frequently are mistaken for cysts.Histopathologic examination provides the definitive diagnosis in most cases.These carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms with a high probability of local recurrence and distant metastasis.Assessment of the Wnt signaling pathway components such as β-catenin, lymphoid enhancerbinding factor 1 (LEF-1), and caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) potentially can be used for diagnostic purposes and targeted therapy.We report a rare and unique case of early pilomatrix carcinoma with intralesional melanocytes.We review the molecular pathology and pathogenesis of these carcinomas as well as the significance of early diagnosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".