Effect of temperature and pH on biological oxidation of antifreeze coolant using a packed column aerator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simulated wastewater containing 0.75% (v/v) antifreeze was treated biologically using a 0.18-m diameter packed column aerator with a 0.4-m higth packed bed of 20-mm polypropylene spheres. Effects of liquid temperature and pH on the biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) removal were investigated. All experiments were performed under an air flux of 0.0080 kg.m-².s-¹ and a liquid flux of 14.8 kg.m-².s-¹. An increasing trend of the BOD₅ removal with temperature was observed when liquid temperature was increased from 16 to 32 ºC by 4-degrees increments. When the wastewater pH was increased from 4 to 10 (by one-pH unit increments), the BOD₅ removal was increased by 18%. The averaged BOD₅ removal in the order of 90% (from the initial value of about 900 mg/L down to 80mg/L) was obtained after 96 hours of treatment. The stripping effect was accounted for about 75 mg/L of the overall BOD₅ change, i.e. about 9% of the overall BOD₅ removal. In addition, the BOD₅ removal due to the biomass in the packed column was also monitored. A decrease of about 15% in the BOD₅ removal was observed without packing in the packed column aerator.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".