Temporary Retention in Cold Water Reduces Postrelease Behavioral Impairment in Angled Rainbow Trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The effectiveness of catch and release as a conservation practice assumes minimal impacts to released fish. In most cases, angling-related stressors can be mitigated via changes to angler behavior that reduce fight duration, handling, and air exposure. In some cases, stressors may significantly impact the ability of fish to engage in normal swimming behavior upon release. In these scenarios, it may be beneficial for anglers to assist recovery or retain fish until they are adequately recovered. We investigated the effectiveness of two assisted-recovery devices at facilitating behavioral recovery in angled Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: (1) retention in a flow box, or (2) retention in a water-filled cooler. Additionally, we compared the effects of assisted recovery in surface water (24–27°C) or cool water pumped from the hypolimnion (17–19°C). From July to mid-September 2020, 169 fish were angled from five stocked lakes at Kenauk Nature (Montebello, Quebec). Fish were air exposed for 30 s, for 15 s, or not at all (0 s) and were held in a flow box or a water-filled cooler for 3 min, while fish in a control group were immediately released. Triaxial acceleration and temperature biologgers were temporarily fixed around the trunk of the fish with Velcro to observe postrelease swimming behavior for 10 min. Rainbow Trout that were held in assisted-recovery devices regained equilibrium significantly more quickly than those that were immediately released, and fish that were held in 17–19°C water regained equilibrium the most rapidly. In fish that were air exposed for 30 s, individuals that were held in recovery devices exhibited greater swimming activity compared to those that were immediately released. Our study demonstrates that for Rainbow Trout, assisted-recovery devices can reduce equilibrium impairment, especially when water in the recovery devices is significantly cooler than the relatively warm surface water temperature. Global water temperatures are expected to rise as a result of anthropogenic climate change, and best practices for angling should be adapted to reflect increased thermal stressors for many game fish species. Ensuring that fish are vigorous upon release is imperative for reducing postrelease mortality caused by predation or thermal stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".